hidapi post-install checks run OK. Feb 9, 2016 · The ADS1015 and ADS1115 are great analog to digital converters that are easy to use with the Raspberry Pi using its I2C communication bus. usb_hid. D0 as I have To install the dependencies for the python scripts, run the following commands: \n sudo apt-get install python3-pip\nsudo pip3 install --upgrade click\nsudo pip3 install --upgrade setuptools\nsudo pip3 install --upgrade adafruit-python-shell Navigation Menu Toggle navigation. Run the script with elevated privileges: sudo python3 stats. With Ubuntu server 21. To learn more about Blinka, you can check out our CircuitPython Libraries on Linux and Raspberry Pi guide. source env/bin/activate. Over time we found it difficult to manage so much code in a single repository, and couldn't easily put the code on Python's package Feb 29, 2020 · Hi, Is Raspberry pi zero w with 1. py script for the SSD1306 OLED in SPI mode results in OSError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument on both the PocketBeagle and BeagleBone Black. But if I try to copy more files to the Pico I get the "management error" again. Seems like every time I google how to set up an Adafruit module, I get a mish-mash of old and new pages. Since it uses a very narrow light source, it is good for determining distance of only the surface directly in front of it. For that reason, I Oct 27, 2022 · I originally tried sudo pip3 install rpi_ws281x adafruit-circuitpython-neopixel but it did not work until I tried the command @makermelissa mentioned above -- for others reading this when they get their rev 1. Adafruit_CircuitPython_IRRemote is missing a couple of dependencies, will put in a PR for that one. It also prevents SPI from working on the PocketBeagle. 3), so install it from PyPI with Code: Select all pip install gpiod . I think with the new release of Bullseye, it might be tripping up the script for systems that were running buster. OK you've now got a nice, clean, connected, and up-to-date Pi! Pinouts Blinka Setup. Desktop Computers On Windows, macOS, or Linux desktop or laptop ("host") computers, you Dec 31, 2019 · mfeif mentioned this issue on Feb 27, 2020. below init changes would be needed in src/busio. enable((usb_hid. Raspberry Pi and Other Single-Board Linux Computers On a Raspberry Pi or other single-board Linux computer, you can use Blinka with the Oct 12, 2019 · i uninstalled board with pip3 (i don't know what package it is. This script configures your Raspberry Pi a Jan 26, 2020 · It runs from the command line using Blinka. What's really annoying is that the bug appears to be in the Cython binary. To install for current user: To install for current user: pip3 install Adafruit-PlatformDetect Feb 26, 2021 · You signed in with another tab or window. sudo python3 -m pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall adafruit-blinka Adafruit-PlatformDetect You signed in with another tab or window. usb_hid is the Mar 2, 2020 · If you are encountering this problem on an older version of Raspberry Pi OS, download libgpiod2 from the Debian website, the one for Buster, and install that one. # a valid number within the selection range is entered. 21-v7+ #1642 SMP Mon Apr 3 17:20:52 BST 2023 armv7l GNU/Linux (venv) Board Name Raspberry Pi 5 Steps Following the instructions to install adafruit on a Raspberry Pi 5. Investigating further. devices) Spawns a keyboard on a connected Windows PC but no mouse. py #860 by @makermelissa. 00 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva On supported GNU/Linux systems like the Raspberry Pi, you can install the driver locally from PyPI. At this time, Blinka requires Python version 3. Apr 1, 2020 · Step 1 - Fork Blinka to your GitHub account. 25. Once you install our script onto your Pi, the controls will act like a keyboard, for easy use with any emulator or media player. 5 pi 4 board -- this was the fix. print ('SIGINT or CTRL-C detected. Board Name Raspberry Pi 5 Steps When following the following steps on the raspberry pi 5: pyenv virtualenv system test pyenv shell test pip install --upgrade Adafruit-Blinka and then run blinka. He tells the story of ‘sticking with it’, offers a decades-worth of insights, and shares the weird and wonderful uses of a Raspberry Pi – Cambridge Tech Podcast. Before continuing make sure your board's lib folder has: adafruit_seesaw. Dec 2, 2019 · Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly May 18, 2024 · Adafruit_blinka supports the latest gpiod (the Python bindings for libgpiod, the latest being v2. Install latest 32-bit Raspbian on Zero and update: Linux zero 6. python_version ())'", suppress_message=True, return_output=True) if Jun 30, 2018 · CircuitPython libraries and adafruit-blinka will work on any Raspberry Pi board! That means the original 1, the Pi 2, Pi 3, Pi 4, Pi 5, Pi Zero, Pi Zero 2 W, or even the compute modules. Run the following command to install adafruit_blinka. Step 2 - git clone the Blinka fork to your single board computer I haven't seen any official Raspbian or Raspberry Pi OS images that are Bookworm just yet, nor any indication that Blinka is officially supported on Python 3. We'll go over those a bit more in depth later in this guide. py as below. Oct 28, 2020 · To Install and activate the virtual environment, use the following commands: Copy Text. The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: Apr 30, 2015 · Update your Pi and Python. So, just to test, I went into the adafruit_blinka/board folder and remved everything except the raspberrypi folder Dear Adafruit Support Team, I hope this message finds you well. To install, try typing: sudo pip3 install adafruit-python-shell") RuntimeError: The library 'adafruit_shell' was not found. To install for current user: To install for current user: pip3 install adafruit-extended-bus Sep 7, 2022 · from adafruit_hid. 0 Mcp2515 library was installed with this command: pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-mcp2515 Tested in Venv Test code to receiv pi-eyes. py example, I got 'No module named displayio' Error, and I can't pip install adafruit-circuitpython-displayio Contribute to adafruit/Raspberry-Pi-Installer-Scripts development by creating an account on GitHub. This guide will help get you started. keycode import Keycode. Note: now, firmware part can be also used with Adafruit Blinka ! To install, try typing: sudo pip3 install adafruit-python-shell") shell = Shell () shell. run_command ("python -c 'import platform; print (platform. sudo apt install python3. 100% CPU usage because of PulseIO adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_DHT#42. Stars: Sep 27, 2021 · Wed Oct 06, 2021 3:14 pm. Jan 19, 2023 · Feel free to reopen this if needed. You can then send the data to an internet of things (IoT) service like Adafruit IO for visualization. 00 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd08 CPU revision : 3 processor : 1 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 3 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 108. Jul 10, 2024 · On supported GNU/Linux systems like the Raspberry Pi, you can install the driver locally from PyPI. pip install --user Adafruit-BluefruitLE. Copy Text. It would be excellent to have a version of this library for use in Adafruit-Blinka environments. Here are the contents of the board file for the Pine64: Jun 30, 2018 · Update Adafruit Blinka. In this page we'll assume you've already gotten your Raspberry Pi up and running and can log into the command line. Nov 3, 2021 · The module adafruit-platformdetect for blinka does not detect the raspberry pi zero w 2 and thus python scripts that rely on this fail to run. Apr 15, 2024 · Tags adafruit, blinka, circuitpython, On supported GNU/Linux systems like the Raspberry Pi, you can install the driver locally from GitHub Statistics. now everything works. group="Blinka" default_python = 3 blinka_minimum_python_version = 3. If you have not already installed it, run the following: pip3 install adafruit-blinka. When installing through pip install adafruit-circuitpython-lis3dh on a Raspberry Pi for use in the Adafruit-Blinka (MicroPython) environment, no compatible version is listed. Some for python3. I am reaching out to report an issue I encountered while attempting to interface with the APDS9960 sensor on my Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+. 40 Features : half thumb Mar 19, 2020 · I am trying to install Adafruit motorkit library for their Raspberry Pi Motor Controller hat. If you are not sure how to use GitHub, we have an excellent guide available on using Git and GitHub. Use platform. So when you then later try to run the script as "root" as it looks liky you do, the installed modules can not be found. However, if you would like to run Blinka on a Raspberry Pi Pico or any other supported board running MicroPython, then this is the guide for you. Assuming you have git installed you can run the following in a terminal to clone the library and install it: Download File Sep 13, 2018 · You signed in with another tab or window. I am using Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+, with 64-bit Arch linux ARM installed. However, when trying to import the board module a "NotIm Send data from Bluetooth LE sensors to Adafruit IO with a Raspberry Pi bridge Monitor a network of sensors via a Bluetooth connection to a Raspberry Pi. py egg_info On supported GNU/Linux systems like the Raspberry Pi, you can install the driver locally from PyPI. Sep 10, 2019 · Next, run the following command to install adafruit_blinka: pip3 install adafruit-blinka The computer will install a few different libraries such as Adafruit-PureIO (our ioctl-only i2c library), Jetson. Sign in Warning: Linux support is very limited. Parts Raspberry Pi Pico RP2040 The Raspberry Pi foundation changed single-board computing when they Dec 12, 2023 · I looked into some potentially related issues, such as those found at #740 and #259. Be sure to read the CircuitPython Welcome guide for information on working with and installing libraries. The install script on the page you linked to has you run needs to be run as sudo because it sets things like enabling I2C and SPI and running apt-get, which need sudo. I used the automated raspi-blinka. 1 day ago · sudo pip3 install rpi_ws281x adafruit-circuitpython-neopixel. tannewt mentioned this issue on Apr 9, 2020. Alternatively, you can clone it from its home on GitHub and then run its setup. If your default Python is version 3 you may need to run 'pip' instead. py file, changing board. Example code causes 100% cpu usage (libgpiod_pulsein) adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_IRRemote#31. 14 inch st7789 LCD supported? I pip installed adafruit-blinka and adafruit-circuitpython-rgb-display, but when I tried the rgb_display_simpletest. Instead of the mouse I get an failed HID device with Error: This device cannot start. I created a seperate issue ( #73) because in your issue it is not clear if the cause is because you are running the python script with sudo. timonsku mentioned this issue May 14, 2021 Oct 28, 2020 · Finally, once it reboots, there are just a couple CircuitPython libraries to install for the BrainCraft HAT or Voice Bonnet. For other platforms, please visit the guide for CircuitPython on Linux to see whether your platform is supported. To activate the virtual environment: Copy Text. python -m venv env --system-site-packages. Blinka can control the hardware pins these boards provide. Jun 3, 2024 · Additionally, you can always run CircuitPython natively on Raspberry Pi Pico. For example code to talk to sensors like the BMP085, TCS34725, and other hardware like character LCD plates. Aug 22, 2019 · Hmmm. The bme280 example runs fine. Install Blinka. If you've previously installed it, you should run a pip3 update: pip3 install --upgrade adafruit-blinka Board Name. We put together a script to easily make sure your Pi is correctly configured and install Blinka. To install for current user: To install for current user: pip3 install Adafruit-Blinka If both the builtin and add-on adafruit_bus_device packages are present, then some libraries that require this package might have problems importing it. Exiting gracefully') print ('Running. it was already installed) and reinstalled "adafruit_blinka". This afternoon’s project was to install a ccs811 VOC and CO2 sensor on a Raspberry Pi W. USB HID in Blinka is not implemented for Micropython, it's only implemented for Raspberry Pi OS, using gadget mode (available on the Pi Zero and Pi 4), which is why it doesn't bother to try/except the typing import. SCL_1, board. py script (see logs below). You signed out in another tab or window. Raspberry Pi Zero W. MOUSE),) mouse = Mouse(usb_hid. Steps. I have set BLINKA_MCP2221 = 1 and BLINKA_MCP2221_RESET_DELAY = #20. GPIO (0. Feb 1, 2024 · raise RuntimeError("The library 'adafruit_shell' was not found. edited. To install system-wide (this may be required in some cases): Dec 24, 2018 · pi@picar: ~ $ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38. May 30, 2024 · There are two methods to solve this issue: Method 1. env/bin/activate pip3 install Adafruit-Blinka Usage Example. Related to #535. For example, on Raspberry Pi we use the python RPi. The ADS1015 is a 12-bit ADC with 4 channels, and the ADS1115 is a higher precision 16-bit ADC with 4 channels. 7 or later, which means you will need to at least be running Raspberry Pi OS Bullseye. LibGPIOD2 is not available on versions before buster, so you'll have to do it the hacky way Jan 20, 2022 · I am having problems using two I2C ports, SCL_1 and SDA_1 on raspberry pi 3. $ pip install adafruit-circuitpython-lis3dh. To install for current user: pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-vl53l4cd Mar 22, 2017 · Pocket-sized fun is the name of this game, with the Joy Bonnet - our most fun Bonnet ever (no we didn't even think that was possible, either!) This Bonnet fits perfectly on top of your Raspberry Pi Zero (any kind) and gives you adorable hand-held arcade controls. This may require verifying you are running Python 3. Before getting started, make sure you're running the latest version of Adafruit Blinka. Make sure the current user has the proper privileges. 21+ #1642 Mon Apr 3 17:19:14 BST 2023 armv6l GNU/Linux Setup the Zero with a Pi Cobbler and wire up 2 tactile switches and an LED according to standard practice temp. What's Changed. Update Blinka/Platform Libraries. Aug 4, 2018 · mkdir project-name && cd project-name python3-m venv. Method 2. png image files by May 25, 2023 · You signed in with another tab or window. GPIO library. mouse import Mouse. 11. Mar 21, 2024 · Adafruit VL53L4CD Time of Flight Distance Sensor - ~1 to 1300mm - STEMMA QT / Qwiic. The DotStar library is for controlling the 3 on-board DotStar LEDs and the Motor library is for testing out the GPIO pins. To install, try typing: sudo pip3 install adafruit-python-shell` adafruit-python-shell was installed already with pip3 install in the virtual environment. This example runs on the Raspberry Pi boards to blink an LED connected to GPIO 18 (Pin 12): import time import board import digitalio Jun 3, 2024 · Raspberry Pi and Other Single-Board Linux Computers On a Raspberry Pi or other single-board Linux computer, you can use Blinka with the regular version of Python supplied with the Linux distribution. " # Installation doesn't begin until after all user input is taken. D4 to board. Raspberry Pi and Other Single-Board Linux Computers On a Raspberry Pi or other single-board Linux computer, you can use Blinka with the Board Name Raspberry Pi 4 4Gb Steps Tested with Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm lite 64bit. Download File. Jan 21, 2019 · something seems a bit off with the blinka install; I thought maybe I'd just mis-tagged the release, but that doesn't seem to be it. The way the Blinka auto-detection code is supposed to work is it looks at the list of I2C ports defined and finds the first matching bus number and attempts to initialize it. 👍 1. Installing from PyPI. Nov 21, 2018 · Next you'll need to install the necessary libraries to use the hardware. sh. Both have a programmable gain from 2/3x to 16x so you can amplify small signals and read them Apr 25, 2015 · Installing Adafruit Blinka Library. It's possible that the Raspberry Pi repo has a bookworm release, but it is considered to be "testing" still, and this install should be treated as inherently broken. 1. Some for python2. 40 Features : fp asimd evt Dec 6, 2022 · A microcontroller music player for a child with Adafruit PyBadge and CircuitPython – GitHub via Mastodon. " echo "be a \"Lite\" OS. pip3 install RPI. when calling import board, either python hangs or fails with OSError: open failed. Blinka version is 8. If you still don't see the node, run Zadig tool again and follow the steps above again to make sure you replace the FTDI driver for the device with In the past this repository held all of the Raspberry Pi related Python code that Adafruit published. The latest version of RPi. The VL53L0X can detect the "time of flight", or how long the light has taken to bounce back to the sensor. Mar 29, 2022 · pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-seesaw pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-vl53l4cd pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-simpleio Download the Code and Image Files Once you've finished setting up your Raspberry Pi with Blinka and the library dependencies, you can access the Python code, Processing code, and two . thank you 👍 3 jerryneedell, mojcris, and Nases reacted with thumbs up emoji Jan 28, 2020 · Blinka tries to emulate this but because of the flexibility provided by Raspberry Pi, there are definitely instances where it is not properly auto-detected. Jun 30, 2018 · We'll use a special library called adafruit_blinka ( named after Blinka, the CircuitPython mascot) to provide the layer that translates the CircuitPython hardware API to whatever library the Linux board provides. To use in CPython, pip3 install adafruit-blinka. See Adafruit Blinka _bleio for details. Below is the output of /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 BogoMIPS : 38. 11-venv. For any I2C interfacing we'll use ioctl messages to the /dev/i2c device. env source. This page assumes you have already set up Blinka on the Raspberry Pi, but if not, be sure to follow our CircuitPython Libraries on Linux and Raspberry Pi guide. Closed. When you only use "pip3" then the modules are installed only for the "pi" user. Also, I'm pretty sure that I installed libgpiod by running sudo apt-get install libgpiod2. I then ran the blinkatest. When running a Python script to comm Mar 4, 2021 · For me the DHT22 is working on my Raspberry Pi Zero WH but only if I run the python3 script without sudo. py: import board import digitalio import bu You signed in with another tab or window. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. Now you're ready to install all the python support. Just make sure you aren't trying to use CircuitPython on Python 2. from adafruit_hid. Apr 1, 2020 · The first step is to start with creating each of the D pins and assigning it to the pins defined in the chip file. To install for current user: To install for current user: pip3 install adafruit-blinka-displayio Feb 10, 2022 · I’m slowly coming to terms with the Adafruit Libraries and getting Blinka working. This can be the usual user level install, I'll show how to use it in superuser (uid 0) mode in a later step. I have Python 3. If you don't see the libusb-win32 node, try unplugging and plugging back in the FT232H breakout. def __init__(self, scl, sda, frequency=400000, bus_id Aug 18, 2015 · Library Installation. Feb 8, 2022 · Skip to content Apr 8, 2021 · See this issue on more reasoning: adafruit#174 The default nature of upgrading all the system packages is I think a bit too many changes than one would expect from installing a python package. May 20, 2021 · The aadafruit_blinka src folder is over 1 Mbyte itself! I finally got it to work by deleting everything and reinstalling. The pin names may vary by board, so you may need to change the pin names in the code. To install for current user: pip3 install adafruit-blinka-bleio. pip3 install --upgrade adafruit-circuitpython-dotstar adafruit-circuitpython-motor Feb 12, 2022 · Hi there, I am having some issues with adafruit blinka on my raspberry pi 4b (8GB version). 0) claims to be updated for Pi4B. Note: This set of steps is specific to the Raspberry Pi Zero (W) running the latest 32-bit Raspberry Pi OS. 7 def default_python_version (numeric=True): version = shell. Copy Code. If you don't already have the code from Adafruit_Blinka forked to your local GitHub repository, you'll want to start off by doing that. You signed in with another tab or window. ') AM2320 to Raspberry Pi 4B GPIO python3. Please check the CircuitPython documentation's "module support matrix" to make sure that your board's firmware does include the builtin adafruit_bus_device package. . echo "a card to this, not for systems in regular use. It's best to dedicate". However, I still couldn't resolve my problem. Here's the Raspberry Pi wired to the I2C multiplexer using I2C and a STEMMA QT connector: Nov 3, 2022 · model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 3 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 108. mpy; adafruit_bus_device Oct 6, 2020 · It allows many of the libraries that were written for CircuitPython to run on CPython for Linux. Purchase one from the Adafruit shop. Device. Now it also runs over MicroPython on the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller board. system instead of sys. I also need to use use_pulseio=True. x, it isn't supported! If you have the Pi 5, Neopixels are not currently working due The demo is cribbed from another Adafruit demo. It requires just a few commands to run. Reload to refresh your session. On supported GNU/Linux systems like the Raspberry Pi, you can install the driver locally from PyPI. Press CTRL-C twice to exit. Nov 23, 2016 · The VL53L0X is a Time of Flight distance sensor like no other you've used! The sensor contains a very tiny invisible laser source, and a matching sensor. platform for setup. GPIO. 40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 processor : 1 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38. Now I could use specific bus like 3 or 4, with minimal code changes. (Micropython ignores type hints). May 19, 2021 · Blinka is our compatibility library, which allows CircuitPython libraries to run on Raspberry Pi Single Board Computers. echo "Installer must be run as root. Mar 9, 2022 · No hid_mcp2221 driver was found ( rmmod: ERROR: Module hid_mcp2221 is not currently loaded ), but I still blacklisted. So it's probably not your fault at all, but I Mar 20, 2024 · It optionally also depends on these Debian packages not install on Raspbian by default: bluez-hcidump; Installing from PyPI. 7. Most issues can be solved by forcing Python to upgrade to the latest blinka / platform-detect libraries. sudo python3 -m pip install --force-reinstall adafruit-blinka. The oled_display. Jun 3, 2024 · Linux based Single Board Computers, for example a Raspberry Pi Desktop Computers + specialized USB adapters Boards running MicroPython More details on these options follow. Try running. Intention is to only have effect when "bus_id" is defined. Raspberry Pi’s Eben Upton features on the Cambridge Tech Podcast. echo "software for Raspberry Pi. 10 64-bit on RPi 4, that can be achieved by creating a gpio group, and adding an udev rule to give this group access to /dev/gpiomem (which can Solutions already exist, for example Adafruit Blinka from Adafruit via the FT2232H in CircuitPython or pyftdi in Python with the same IC. Sep 11, 2015 · Since there's dozens of Linux computers/boards you can use, below shows wiring for Raspberry Pi. I2C(board. When you use "sudo pip3" the modules are installed globally for all users. Once that's done, the next step is to create any aliases that are needed such as pins for I2C. Only SCL and SDA appear to work entering: i2c1 = busio. It wasn't super clear, but it's worth testing. @s-light it appears that there is a regression in Adafruit_Blink SPI support for the BeagleBone Black. Some use deprecated Adafruit this is also not detected, I think this is a new batch of raspberry pis (venv) pi@raspberrypi:~ $ uname -a Linux raspberrypi 6. Run the following command to install the Raspberry PI GPIO library: Download File. Unlike Sep 2, 2012 · If you're using a Raspberry Pi or other computer with Python, you'll need to install the Adafruit_Blinka library that provides the CircuitPython support in Python. You switched accounts on another tab or window. I installed everything as defined in the guides. KEYBOARD, usb_hid. GPIO (for handling GPIO), Adafruit-PlatformDetect (for detecting your board) and of course adafruit-blinka . The latest Raspbian (currently this is `Stretch`) is required for the installation of Adafruit IO + Blinka. To install for current user: To install for current user: pip3 install Adafruit-PlatformDetect Dec 27, 2019 · Hi, I'd need the option of specifying my I2C bus on raspberry pi 4, as I need to use a different one for my IMU. To install the library globally, use pip: Download File. The easiest way to connect a 9-DoF sensor to the Raspberry Pi is to use a STEMMA QT/Qwiic connector which many of our sensors include. SDA_1, frequency=400000) gives: AttributeError: module 'board' has no attribute 'SCL_1' How can I use two SCL and SDA ports on Raspberry pi 3? I installed board via pip3 install adafruit Jun 3, 2024 · Linux based Single Board Computers, for example a Raspberry Pi Desktop Computers + specialized USB adapters Boards running MicroPython More details on these options follow. Read the docs for info on how to use it. 0 installed, but the download process will not install with the reason given 'Python Jan 5, 2022 · After: pi@raspberrypi:~/projects/temp-sensing $ sudo pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-am2320 I end up with: Complete output from command python setup. py. They can be downloaded via the Adafruit's CircuitPython library bundle. Sep 29, 2019 · If you see the libusb-win32 node and USB serial device, move on to the next step to install libftdi. Mar 28, 2019 · Similar to #66 , I am getting NotImplementedError: Board not supported. I got this in my guide feedback. I know that Blinka can be installed without using sudo by running pip3 install --upgrade adafruit-blinka. ws qf sv hm cl ba nz nh jo cs