Futures crypto haram. com/aktxxr6/4k-movies-online-free.

The logical conclusion is that they are a form of deception and fraud, hence haram Before that, if you ask our opinion, we believe crypto staking is halal, but haram is possible. By Ollie Leech Oct 24, 2022 at 1:21 p. There are three key areas to consider when assessing whether crypto trading is permissible: riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling). Is Bitcoin Halal or haram? Bitcoin as a commodity is a digital asset. The question of regulations, wide acceptance of cryptos as medium of exchange, and the increase or decrease in their volatility remain issues of concern to all and Apr 9, 2023 · “The intangible nature of crypto has lead most leaders in major Muslim communities to call crypto haram or harmful. The firm offers a huge range of products, from stocks, ETFs, bonds and futures to 400+ forex and CFD assets. Feb 4, 2024 · Understanding Halal and Haram. In Islamic culture, this is considered gambling and haram. 1 BTC. May 31, 2018 · Bakar’s report was favorable to BTC–it found that Bitcoin was indeed halal as long as Muslim users have a certain intent when they purchase it: “crypto traders should not purchase 1. And sharing the best in class investment strategies for Muslims to be financially free. Jun 7, 2024 · Binance crypto spot trading – halal or haram? Crypto spot trading, characterized by the immediate buying and selling of cryptocurrencies, is subject to interpretation within Islamic finance. me/p4provider===== Sep 10, 2021 · Menurutnya, Trading Aset Crypto di Futures Market faktanya memiliki valuasi yang ditentukan berdasarkan harga di saat jatuh tempo. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Learn, invest, prosper: https://linktr. 8. Buying Bitcoin is putting hard-earned money at risk, and is irresponsible because it’s gambling. Many Shariah scholars are misled by the term “cryptocurrency. Enjoy access to crypto futures and spot trading through one integrated, secure and easy-to-use interface. Common examples include: Pork and alcohol consumption. . Once again, borrowing money for forex trading in itself is not haram. You can invest your money in crypto as long as you want. Is Futures Trading haram in Islam? The Futures transaction as in vogue in stock and commodities markets today are not permissible for two reasons. Jul 9, 2024 · The rapid evolution of financial markets has introduced new trading instruments, such as crypto futures, which have sparked considerable debate within Islamic Mar 24, 2024 · Salam , I wanted to know why future is haram?. 8 Desember 2020. 01% per funding interval), with the exception of contracts such as BNBUSDT, LINKUSDT, and LTCUSDT, where interest rates are 0%. · No central authority oversees the crypto world: Aug 23, 2023 · Welcome to our channel, where we dive deep into the world of futures trading and explore the important question: "Is Futures Trading Halal or Haram?" In this Polkadot. If it avoids interest (Riba), excessive uncertainty (Gharar), and gambling (Maysir) and involves real assets, it may be deemed halal; otherwise, it is considered haram. Then, when you want to purchase 10 Bitcoin with a futures contract, you will have to make a pre-agreed statement. Therefore, halal investments encourage Muslims to invest responsibly and ethically. ” However, there is a way to circumvent this unaccepted characteristic, that we will talk about in the second part of this article. They also often trade in futures and forwards contracts that are considered haram in Islam ( source ). Feb 10, 2024 · The second is futures on financial items such as stocks or bonds. From a purely fiqh and Islamic law perspective, investing in Bitcoin and the return could be considered lawful based on this opinion. UTC Dec 8, 2020 · Hukum Trading Aset Cryptocurrency dalam Islam. So I want to know if this is halal or haram? Aug 23, 2023 · Are Trading Options Halal or Haram. The Case Against Crypto Being Halal To determine if crypto trading is halal or haram, scholars have examined different factors, including the nature and characteristics of cryptocurrencies and their usage in financial transactions. In fact, futures are speculation on the value of assets. Aug 6, 2023 · This makes crypto more halal than fiat currencies with interest-based banking. ee/practical A cryptocurrency (or crypto currency) is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptography to secure financial transactions, control the creation of additional units, and verify the transfer of assets. Penggunaan cryptocurrency sebagai mata uang hukumnya haram, karena mengandung gharar, dharar dan bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang nomor 7 tahun 2011 dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia nomor 17 tahun 2015. The decentralized control of each Kebanyakan daripada kita dah kenal dengan pasaran saham, tetapi apabila disebut mengenai derivatif, tak ramai yang tahu. ”. In the case of day trading of stocks, it takes about 24 hours to own the stocks, and still, if you sell them in a few hours, you don’t own them. So futures trading is considered haram. 2. Nov 12, 2021 · Baca juga: MUI Tetapkan Kripto Haram Jadi Mata Uang untuk Jual Beli. Some of the arguments that consider bitcoin haram is that it is risky, uncertain, and untraceable. This post analyses Binance through the lens of sharia compliance according to the Apr 6, 2023 · According to AlHashmi, a cryptocurrency can comply with Islamic law if “developed with the right intentions, for example, actual utility,” rather than “purely for trading or speculation Those who see crypto as halal believe there is Mal in crypto transactions, no interest (riba), and that its usage by some for illegal activities does not make it inherently haram. Mufti Taqi Usmani believes that cryptocurrency is used for speculative purposes, however, he does not consider it to be halal or haram. Their opinions are highly respected and often sought after when determining the Halal or Haram status of complex matters. Dalam spot trading, transaksi terjadi dan selesai secara instan. Take your money further. Muslims around the world are divided on how to deal with cryptocurrencies. Answer. Jan 9, 2024 · What is Crypto Arbitrage? Cryptocurrency arbitrage involves exploiting price differences across exchanges to make low-risk profits. His reasoning is similar to other Middle East Sharia scholars, who view crypto as high-risk assets. Likuidasi Otomatis. Seeking guidance from knowledgeable scholars is crucial in making Feb 5, 2023 · The machine-learning system designed to help Islamic investors make Sharia-compliant decisions is called ‘Crypto-Halal’. Padahal kontrak yang berlaku di opsi “penjualan” oleh trader pada Futures trading can be considered both halal and haram depending on the contract's structure and the trader's intention. Jan 26, 2023 · It is haram (prohibited). He concluded, that in his opinion, Bitcoin (and cryptocurrencies in general) are haram for the following reasons. Demikian pembahasan mengenai crypto futures dari pengertian hingga kekurangan dan kelebihannya. A range of currencies can be held as collateral when crypto futures trading. “In my opinion, the trading of cryptocurrency is haram. It means buying crypto at a low price and selling it when its price goes high. This is due to its speculative nature, likened to gambling, and the involvement of uncertainty and risk, which contradict Islamic principles emphasizing risk-sharing and avoiding speculation. Kemudian, uang muka yang dijual oleh trader, memiliki valuasi yang berbeda dengan saat trader tersebut memutuskan membeli aset derivatif crypto. These contracts trade on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and Jan 20, 2023 · -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Learn, invest, prosper: https://linktr. But there are exceptions caused by ethical and legal Sep 19, 2021 · -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Learn, invest, prosper: https://linktr. Artikel ini akan membahas mengenai Feb 25, 2024 · The meteoric rise of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum has sparked growing interest among Muslims in whether crypto investing is permissible under Islamic finance principles. Ultimately, Muslims must carefully navigate the exchange and learn from the evidence on both sides, and make personal decisions aligned with their faith. For example, 10 Bitcoin is about $100000 when you make the agreement and you have to pay it in 3 months. Ether, the native cryptocurrency of Ethereum, is at an all-time May 31, 2022 · An options contract gives the buyer the opportunity to buy or sell an underlying asset for a specific price. Futures vs Forex Trading which is Better | Halal Haram Concept #futuretrading #forextrading #FuturesTrading Join My Telegram: https://t. Crypto masih sangat populer dikalangan para trader maupun investor. Among the activities prohibited by the Holy Qur'an are gambling and riba, also known as interest or usury. In my opinion, trading in cryptocurrency is haram. Cryptocurrency sebagai komoditi/aset digital tidak sah diperjualbelikan karena mengandung gharar, dharar Feb 20, 2024 · In Arabic, “haram” refers to anything prohibited or unlawful according to Islamic law. Is crypto trading Halal or Haram? Islamic finance is a financial system that runs on an interpretation of Islamic Law, or Shari’ah. This post is for educational purpose only. Rather, cryptocurrency can be termed as a 'disliked' form of trading from a Shariah point of view. Do not stake cryptocurrency: You stake cryptocurrency by storing it in a digital wallet and earning interest. Mufti Taqi Usmani - A Pioneer In The Field Of Islamic Finance. The research paper says the system currently has a dataset of 106 cryptocurrencies, of which 56 have been classified as halal and 50 as haram. An arbitrageur will buy Bitcoin on Exchange A and immediately sell it on Exchange B to pocket the $500 difference. Interest-bearing accounts (riba) Immoral Oct 21, 2023 · Do not trade Futures: You can’t analyze and predict the future price of a digital coin with Futures in cryptocurrency. I don’t intend to start a debate on future trading as this Hadith is straightforward. You need to make sure you are trading with a reputable company that has a halal standard in place. Classification : Authentic. Hal ini disebabkan oleh sifat spekulatifnya yang mirip dengan perjudian, serta adanya ketidakpastian dan risiko, yang bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam yang menekankan pembagian risiko dan menghindari spekulasi. Some consider it halal (not gambling, not fixed interest), while others think it haram (similar to betting). Binance takes no fees for funding rate transfers as they happen directly between users. The National Ulema Council, or MUI, has deemed cryptocurrency as haram, or Jul 4, 2024 · Is Crypto Futures Trading Halal or Haram? In Islam, crypto futures trading is considered Haram. Sebelumnya, MUI mengeluarkan fatwa haram mata uang Mar 12, 2024 · Halal Cryptocurrency List. Halal refers to actions permissible under Islamic law, while haram denotes prohibited activities. Since majority cryptos do not fall under the economic and shariah definition of money or currency, they are called “currencies. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure compliance, having been reviewed by Muftis etc, please note this is our humble opinion using the methodology Perdagangan berjangka mata uang kripto secara umum dianggap haram dalam keuangan Islam. The Egyptian Grand Mufti Shaykh Shawki Allam believes digital assets are haram since they have not earned enough credibility as currencies. The opposite of halal (lawful and permitted). Bahkan, mungkin saja bisa berkembang transaksi kripto yang saat ini haram sebagai alat tukar tetapi menjadi halal atau boleh bila ada dasar syariahnya. Produk-produk derivatif yang popular May 3, 2021 · Asalamu alaikum everyone, This video is a much requested one. Options trading involves buying and selling options contracts that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price on or before a specified date. Future of crypto is different from stocks and forex we have to understand this. Author: The Hon. ee/practical Jan 6, 2023 · Selain keuntungannya, terdapat beberapa kekurangan dari futures trading, antara lain: Risiko kehilangan dana. Some key features of options trading: The underlying assets can be stocks, commodities, currencies, etc. Is bitcoin Haram? Sheikh Assim had a different view on Cyrpocurrency. Dana pinjaman. One thing is clear is that, based on our research, cryptocurrencies ought to be transacted immediately and holding cryptocurrencies for an unknown future value makes it haram. For this opportunity, the buyer pays a fee called a premium. Well, below is the complete business of crypto staking so that you can decide for yourself or ask your local Islamic scholar for all this information. From investing to trading to staking, we've got you covered. Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) reported Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: He who buys food grain should not sell it until he has taken possession of it. Avoiding interest, gambling, CFDs, leveraging, short-selling and so forth are essential as these are not permitted in Sharia. Despite this, Muslims have been buying and using crypto as a form of currency and investment tool. Contemporary scholars have differing opinions in relation to trading in crypto currencies. Dec 26, 2021 · According to the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (BAPPEBTI), cryptocurrency, or Crypto Assets are intangible commodities in the form of digital asset, which uses cryptography, peer-to-peer network, and distributed ledgers to control the creation of new units, verifying transactions, and secure transactions without the help of external parties 4. m. The company has a high safety score and is listed on the Swiss stock exchange. Mar 24, 2023 · Bagaimana hukum trading aset kripto di pasar berjangka atau futures menurut islam? Status halal dan haram aset kripto di Indonesia telah memiliki kejelasan. Ketentuan Hukum Crypto menurut MUI. Is short-term crypto trading halal? Many Muftis consider Oct 24, 2022 · Crypto futures give investors the opportunity to bet on the future price of bitcoin without having to actually own or handle it. Polkadot has a large volume and market cap, indicating crypto community adoption. Helping you stay updated with the latest Shariah guidelines on coins, IDOs etc. Cryptocurrencies have been on a bull run since their historic October climb . Jun 29, 2021 · Binance Futures - The world's largest crypto derivatives exchange. e. Given these points, many Muslims argue cryptocurrency and crypto trading should be considered permissible. We give you the complete guide on all things halal crypto investing. Com – Sebagaimana kita ketahui sebelumnya bahwa Bitcoin merupakan koin asli ( native coin) dengan basis aset cryptocurrency. Halal Ways to Trade Crypto #halalharam #crytpo #cryptotrading Come grow with Ahmed on a journey towards Financial | Time | Location freedom and self-developm 5 days ago · Trading futures in cryptocurrency is generally considered haram in Islamic finance. Is Crypto Futures Halal? Generally, futures trading is halal, which means permitted in Islam. Generally, cryptocurrency is seen as haram because of its speculative nature, lack of regulation, and potential to be used for illegal activities. Sep 15, 2021 · In This Video We Are Going To Discuss About Futures Trading Major Issue, That Futures Trading Is Halal Or Haram?Join Us On Whatsapp: https://chat. Some activities are ‘permissible’ or ‘Halal’, and others are ‘prohibited’ or ‘Haram’. Mu’aawiyah Tucker is a religious man. Sementara itu, ada aset lain yang memiliki basis aset crypto, yaitu Altcoin. Seperti yang dinyatakan dalam hukum keuangan Islam, Anda harus menyelidiki apakah broker yang Anda gunakan dalam perdagangan mata uang kripto mengikuti hukum Islam. co Dec 8, 2023 · In the age of digitalization, the advent of cryptocurrencies has disrupted the traditional financial landscape, sparking a myriad… A Crypto futures contract happens between you and the seller. Nov 12, 2021 · Keterangan lengkap hasil pembahasan tentang Hukum Cryptocurrency adalah sebagai berikut: Ketentuan Hukum. Cryptocurrencies use decentralized control as opposed to centralized digital currency and central banking systems. Open an account in under 30 seconds to start crypto futures trading. The CME uses contract units of either 5 BTC or, for a Micro contract, 0. Gambling. We do feel that there is scope for permissibility, however, as the matter requires an in depth study we are not yet in a position to issue a ruling. Forex brokers connect potential investors with banks and institutions from which they borrow money to invest (on certain conditions). com offers future trading on their platform. In this way, you can earn a lot. Along with that, some scholars also Aug 10, 2023 · Discover the debate surrounding the permissibility of futures trading in Islam. Swissquote is a Switzerland-based bank and broker that offers online trading and investing. Cryptocurrency is considered halal by most scholars because of its social acceptance. On traditional exchanges, crypto futures contracts are traded in standardized amounts known as the contract unit. Islamic scholars play a pivotal role in interpreting Islamic law and providing guidance on new issues, such as the emergence of cryptocurrencies. Some have argued it to be permissible whilst others have argued otherwise. Article information. The response below details the various facets of this question. 03%, and the premium varies according to the price difference between futures and spot markets. Among the major cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dogecoin come under Sep 20, 2022 · Now that we explained the essence of how to trade crypto futures, let’s evaluate this type of trading according to Islam and answer the question, “Is futures trading halal or not?”. Polkadot promotes transparency, decentralisation, and inclusivity to prevent haram and follow Shariah. As Binance saying On Binance Futures, the interest rate is fixed at 0. This is the largest list of Halal cryptocurrencies online, where each coin has been screened against robust Shariah guidelines to determine if it is Halal or Haram. Sharia finance should not be dismissed as unprofitable. In this Video Sahil Adeem is talking about - CryptoCurrency- MetaVerse - BitCoin- Cryptocurrency is Halal or Haram?- Cryptocurrency in Islam. This is because it is not approved by legitimate bodies, such as Treasury Departments of States, as an . Hence, according to Islam, if something is doubtful, then you should avoid it. Feb 23, 2017 · Matthew says No, “Historically, though, Islam has only recognized commodities of intrinsic value as money including things like gold (Dinar), silver (Dirham); rice, dates, wheat, barley and salt Jul 15, 2023 · While the question of whether crypto staking is halal or haram in Islam may vary depending on individual interpretations, it is essential to be mindful of the principles and potential risks involved. Because of the uncertainty revolving around trading Bitcoin, it is considered haram. Jun 4, 2024 · 1 Gunakan Mata Uang Kripto dan Broker yang Halal. Transactions and activities considered haram are clearly outlined in the Quran and the Sunnah. Dengan demikian, umat Islam di Indonesia menurut MUI masih boleh (halal) menyimpan kripto sebagai aset atau investasi, dan memperjual-belikannya, namun diharamkan jika memakai kripto untuk alat pembayaran/transaksi jual-beli. Firstly, it is a well recognised principle of the Shariah that sale or purchase cannot be affected for a future date. Posession : We invest usdt ,now usdt is not a currency it is a stable coin. aset cryptocurrency. Follow me on Facebook and Instagram for insta Feb 21, 2021 · I recently started exploring crypto and noticed that exchange like Binance. Jun 9, 2023 · This price volatility makes it haram to use Bitcoin as an investment, in the view of those who consider Bitcoin haram. May 20, 2021 · On Binance futures market, the interest rate is fixed at 0. Go short or long. Is Crypto Futures Trading Profitable? Sep 6, 2022 · According to Mufti Shawki Allam, “Here is my fatwa on cryptocurrency, as today’s widely asked questions are: is crypto halal or is crypto haram; or if crypto trading halal or haram. While some Islamic scholars deem this practice permissible (halal), it's crucial to delve into the specifics for a comprehensive understanding. Determining whether cryptocurrency investments fall under halal or haram categories can be challenging for individuals adhering to Islamic principles. This is known as the ‘ strike price ’. impermissible) in light of the Islamic Shari‘ah and it is also impermissible to invest money Jan 1, 2024 · However, the issue of whether crypto trading is Halal under Islamic Finance’s strict rules is a hot topic. Think of us like eToro or StockTwits, but purely for Muslims in Crypto. ee/practical Feb 25, 2023 · We bring top-tier private investment funds across different asset classes like real estate and venture capital for you to invest in from as little as £5,000. It contains when you will pay the seller and how much you will pay. Betting is the same as gambling in Islam, which means haram. Islamic law prohibits speculations or riba-based transactions where one party seeks to make a profit from an increase in the price of an asset without taking ownership of the underlying asset. For example, Bitcoin may be trading at $35,000 on Exchange A and $35,500 on Exchange B. The price of Bitcoin, in this view, is purely a result of speculative irresponsibility among the population. Berikut adalah perbedaan utama antara keduanya: 1. Mar 25, 2021 · Crypto futures trading is generally considered Haram. Can Muslims invest in crypto? Many Muftis and Shariah scholars agree that Muslims can invest in crypto if the usage is Halal. 7517. Take a short or long position, depending on which way you believe the market will go. This is because Islam teaches us to sell only what we own. So, generally, crypto is halal in Islam, but be cautious when trying futures trading instruments and always check compliance with local laws and traditions. By Muhammad Syamsudin. According to Islamic law, something is "haram" or forbidden when the teachings of the Holy Qur'an deems it so. Melakukan due diligence membantu Anda berinvestasi dalam mata uang digital yang halal. Currently in development and aim to launch later in the year on Apple and Android platforms IA. Meanwhile, the premium varies according to the price difference between the perpetual contract and mark price. This video provides a concise overview of the topic, exploring how Islamic pr Mar 8, 2022 · Religious Muslims are debating over what their faith has to say about bitcoin, dogecoin and the rest of the crypto universe. Is crypto trading gambling? Many Muftis consider pure trading of cryptos as haram because it is speculation. Buy and hold crypto is also halal and allowed from an Islamic perspective. Islamic finance is governed by specific ethical Binance Futures - The world's largest crypto derivatives exchange. Now we can either deal in USDT or usdt pairs of crypto like BTC/USDT to get profit in usdt then sell it in desire local paper currency. Seeking qualified opinions, evaluating the activity’s compliance with Islamic principles, and monitoring financial arrangements play a crucial According to this opinion, Bitcoin would qualify as a digital asset (Mal) which possesses value (Taqawwum). Jun 26, 2023 · Shaykh Shawki Allam. whatsapp. Dec 30, 2022 · March 17, 2023 by Dr. Some argue that it is haram because it is volatile, risky, and has no intrinsic value. Oct 14, 2022 · Dengan sekitar 87% populasi Indonesia beragama Islam, pandangan pemuka agama mengenai hukum kripto haram atau halal sebagai aset investasi menjadi penting. There is interest involves in future trading on binance. Specifically, I would like your assessment of the halal status of futures trading on NQ, considering factors such as the absence of interest, the nature of the Swap-free or halal trading refers to investing in line with Sharia law. 03% daily (0. “One of the main factors which makes trading Cryptocurrencies Halal is that it avoids riba (usury/interest). Mahadi Hasan - Islamic Scholar. Jul 13, 2024 · Is Crypto Futures Trading Halal or Haram in Islam? Views vary among scholars. According to some scholars and Islamic groups, day trading in stocks is haram and seems like gambling. So riba is haram in Islam We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. May 29, 2024 · Forex trading can be considered halal. Melalui Ijtima Ulama Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) diputuskan, bahwa penggunaan kripto sebagai mata uang adalah haram (11/11/21). BincangSyariah. However, bitcoin transactions are traceable. Therefore, the businesses running in form of buying and selling of bitcoins or any digital currencies on the internet are not Halal (i. Perpetual contracts are also debated, but some scholars consider them haram due to their zero-sum nature. Apr 22, 2021 · 0. 1. Instead, in reality, it is a form of interest and gambling which is based on an ambiguous transaction and fraud. Future trading is haram and forbidden, and all the scholars agreed on this fatwa. On the other hand, some people in the muslim community praise crypto as being a new innovative way to transact and support new revolutionary projects. Kindly please explain reasons. So the ownership or Sep 24, 2021 · While most deem it permissible and halal, others argue that it is speculative and uncertain. Commodity or Mar 8, 2023 · IbnOmar 8 December 2023 05:35 #7. Because the Koran forbids the Aug 29, 2023 · There are many things within Binance that can be halal and equally as many, if not more, that can be haram. The innovative blockchain network Polkadot is one of the best halal cryptocurrencies for investors in 2024. Scholars analyze the Quran, Hadith, and other Islamic texts and may also Dec 14, 2023 · Spot trading dan trading futures adalah dua jenis transaksi yang umum berlaku dalam pasar kripto. Margery Christiansen. Waktu Penyelesaian Perdagangan Spot vs Futures. For example, I want to have an option to buy oil at $85 if it reaches $95 or more within the next 30 days. That is Or, thirdly, if trading is haram in general even when interest and gambling is avoided. Menurut MUI, kripto mengandung gharar, dharar Crypto futures traded on the CME have a 50% margin requirement. It’s like a Mar 22, 2022 · Not all crypto assets are “currencies” or “money. However, he concludes with the following remarks: Feb 10, 2022 · Futures Trading is Haram. Nov 11, 2021 · The use of crypto assets as a currency is forbidden for Muslims, according to Indonesia’s council of religious leaders. Learn more. #Crypto trading #bots are getting a lot of hype and they do make your life easier, but are they Jun 5, 2024 · Crypto futures resemble standard futures contracts because they allow you to bet on the price trajectory of an underlying asset. Nov 11, 2021 · Still, it’s a bad time to get kicked out of crypto. ” – Source. Or, thirdly, if trading is haram in general even when interest and gambling is avoided. JazakAllah Khair. Open positions with less upfront capital using futures contracts built for your level of risk. Sharia law centers around the concept of social consciousness and justice. As digital currencies continue disrupting traditional finance, there is an ongoing debate within the Islamic community about the halal status of cryptocurrency. Salamoe3alaikoem, I am seeking your expert guidance on the permissibility of engaging in Nasdaq (NQ) futures trading within Islamic finance principles. up yc yx zi hq wp xt hp hu at