Indapamide dosage. 5 mg and 5 mg produced dose related effects.

The bioavailability of indapamide is virtually complete after an oral dose and is unaffected by food or antacids. Common side effects of perindopril may include: Older adults—At first, 4 milligrams (mg) per day, taken in one or two divided doses. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. Perindopril tert-butylamine 4 mg / Indapamide 1. In severe renal failure (creatinine clearance below 30 ml/min), treatment is contraindicated. Find out more about the national guidelines. If a single daily tablet of indapamide does not achieve a sufficient reduction in blood pressure, another anti-hypertensive agent may be added such as beta-blockers, ACE beginning of content Active ingredient: indapamide. Indapamide is a thiazide-like diuretic [4] drug used in the treatment of hypertension, as well as decompensated heart failure. Dose titrations may be given as fixed combinations (when available) or with individual In other parallel design, dose-ranging clinical trials in hypertension and edema, daily doses of indapamide between 0. 34% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 43% reported a negative effect. Ingredients. rapid weight gain. If the response to 1. You should consult your health care professional before taking any drug, changing your diet, or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Equivalent blood pressure reductions were noted, but the risk of hypokalemia (K + <3. 4 mmol/l) was reduced 62% with the lower sustained release dose . Chlorthiazide (IV) 500 to 1000 mg qd plus loop diuretic. These common side effects of indapamide happen in more than 1 in 100 people. Dec 24, 2013 · Preparation of Matrix Tablet: Indapamide . 7 to −1. Missed dose: If you forget to take your dose, take it as soon as you remember. Maintenance dose is 5 mg daily on alternate days. Feb 19, 2020 · Indapamide is used in the treatment of Hypertension (high blood pressure). These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled. 25 mg tablets are pink film-coated, unscored Jul 17, 2013 · The adult starting indapamide dose for fluid retention caused by congestive heart failure is 2. This label may not be the latest approved by FDA. Bioequivalence was established based on AUC and C max. Diuretics are sometimes called "water tablets" because they make you pee more. View Indapamide-Teva storage conditions for details to ensure optimal shelf-life. In well controlled 12- to 52-week clinical trials, indapamide SR 1. Dec 29, 2010 · In other parallel design, dose-ranging clinical trials in hypertension and edema, daily doses of indapamide between 0. 0 and 10. Lorvacs XL 1. 54% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 21% reported a negative effect. At first all the ingredients along with the active were measured appropriately and carefully. 6 and 5. May 1, 2018 · Indapamide AN 2. 5 mg or indapamide immediate release 2. 25 to 2. 33% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 39% reported a negative effect. Furosemide has an average rating of 6. 5 mg daily (modified release preparations). Nonmedicinal ingredients: lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, and silica colloidal anhydrous. It reduces the amount of water in the body by increasing the flow of urine, which helps lower the blood pressure. 25 mg indapamide. Indapamide is a type of medicine called a diuretic. 25 mg of indapamide. Dosis dan Aturan Pakai Indapamide. Common side effects. During the first few days of taking indapamide or after increasing the dose, see how the medicine affects you before you drink any alcohol. Lower. Side effects. Indapamide is a generic drug also sold under the brand name Lozol. The fraction of indapamide released is rapidly and totally absorbed via the gastrointestinal digestive tract. Loop Diuretics. BP, fasting plasma glucose, lipids, serum potassium and uric acid were determined at baselin … Aug 15, 2022 · Hypertension: The adult starting indapamide dose for hypertension is 1. Hypertension. Agitation; anxiety The dosage is one tablet, containing 2. But if it is late in the afternoon, skip the missed dose and continue as usual Jan 23, 2023 · Thiazide diuretics are an FDA-approved class of drugs that inhibit the reabsorption of 3% to 5% of luminal sodium in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. At daily doses of 2. Perindopril tert-butylamine 2 mg / Indapamide 0. It also is used to treat high blood pressure. Indapamide is a diuretic antihypertensive. , monthly) during therapy and adjust dosage of the antihypertensive drug until BP controlled. 33% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 67% reported a negative effect. Drinking alcohol with indapamide can lower your blood pressure or cause dehydration and make you feel dizzy or light-headed. Apr 5, 2016 · Abstract. If the response to 2. Each tablet contains 2. Hypertension: The adult starting indapamide dose for hypertension is 1. 625) in essential hypertension, in relation to blood pressure control and target-organ damage. 5 mg once daily, up to 5 mg/day after 1 week if needed. Pack: Indapamide Hemihydrate (AN) 2. 25 mg tablets are pink film-coated, unscored Objective: To review the safety and efficacy of the very-low-dose combination of perindopril 2 mg and indapamide 0. You may need to read it again. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. Learn how to take indapamide, what side effects to watch out for, and what interactions to avoid. Remember to take the pack and any remaining tablets with you. 2,6,4 The Tmax occurs approximately 2. Amlodipine has an average rating of 4. It's also sometimes used to treat heart failure and the build up of fluid in your body ( oedema ). 27% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 55% reported a negative effect. Click to view Triplixam detailed prescribing information. 625 mg (Per2/Ind0. Apr 1, 2021 · In other parallel design, dose-ranging clinical trials in hypertension and edema, daily doses of indapamide between 0. Find out the average doses, how to adjust them, and what precautions to take. 5 mg/day was well tolerated and reduced Find patient medical information for Indapamide on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings Indapamide is concentrated in the erythrocytes and is 79% bound to plasma proteins and to erythrocytes. 0 mg, a mean . Indapamide Dosage and Administration. 0 mg indapamide. 25 mg tab. 0 mg produced dose-related effects. Although it belongs to a group of medicines called diuretics (which generally work by making the kidneys pass more urine out of the body), at the doses prescribed for hypertension, indapamide is considered to work by widening (dilating) blood vessels. stomach discomfort or upset. Indapamide has an average rating of 5. 5 and 5 Apr 1, 2021 · In other parallel design, dose-ranging clinical trials in hypertension and edema, daily doses of indapamide between 0. Active ingredients: indapamide. It’s also used to lower the risk of death or heart attack in Jan 28, 2024 · Serious side effects of Indapamide. Indapamide works by increasing the amount of fluid and salt excreted in your urine. Indapamide - Learn about Indapamide including its uses, composition, side-effects, dosage, precautions & FAQs. 5 or 1. 5 mg than you should. A very large dose of Indapamide 2. 0 mg were not distinguishable from each other although each was differentiated from placebo and from 0. Hypertension: Oral: Initial: 1. Oct 12, 2012 · Synopsis: Indapamide 1 is an orally active sulphonamide diuretic agent. Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor. Indications. Indapamide Hemihydrate (AN) TM. 28% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 36% reported a negative effect. Please remember that every patient and their case is different, so the dosage can be different based on the disease, route of administration, patient's age and medical history. Active Ingredient: Indapamide hemihydrate. Seventy per cent of a single oral dose is eliminated by the kidneys and 23 per cent by the gastrointestinal tract. View Indapamide’s uses, side-effects, drug interactions, expert advice and user FAQs only on 1mg. In patients with blood pressure inadequately controlled on perindopril alone: Initially, 1 tab once daily, preferably in the morning. Adult: As conventional tab: 1. There are things you can do to help cope with them: Mild skin rash. Perindopril tert-butylamine 4 mg and indapamide 1. Blood and urine tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects. Oral. 6) than seen with hydrochlorothiazide in doses from 12. 25 mg, 5. Initially 1. Indapamide (Lozol [Discontinued]) is a drug prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure and edema from congestive heart failure. 5 mg and the total weight of the tablet is 200 mg. Starting dose is 5 mg daily, to be taken in the morning. 625 mg. 5mg daily, and in vitro and in vivo data suggest that it may also reduce blood pressure by decreasing vascular Indapamide Dosage and Administration General Monitoring and BP Treatment Goals. 0 out of 10 from a total of 624 ratings on Drugs. Severe renal (CrCl <30 mL/min) & hepatic impairment. 5 mg and 5 mg were not distinguishable from each other although each was differentiated from placebo and from 0. Dec 30, 2020 · What is Indapamide used for? Indapamide is a medication used to treat high blood pressure or remove excess body fluid. More about Indapamide. This review and update focuses on the clinical features of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), the thiazide-like agents chlorthalidone (CTDN) and indapamide (INDAP), potassium-sparing ENaC inhibitors and aldosterone receptor antagonists, and loop diuretics. unusual weight gain or loss. 25mg once daily in the AM. Pregnancy, breastfeeding and fertility. Metolazone. 2. This product is available in the following dosage forms: Tablet. Find out how indapamide treats high blood pressure and how to take it. Patients with renal failure . 25) the pharmacokinetics of each active ingredient were shown to be predominantly unchanged (see Table 3). 5mg, taken once a day as standard tablets, or 1. Jun 7, 2022 · Apo-Indapamide is a diuretic antihypertensive. At daily doses of 1. If unacceptable adverse effects occur, discontinue drug and initiate another antihypertensive agent from a different pharmacologic class. Perindopril is an oral tablet used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Adult. For indapamide. Thiazide and related diuretics are fully effective only when renal function is normal or only minimally impaired. 6 mEq/Liter, respectively, was observed and uric acid increased by about 1 mg/100 mL. 25 mg (as single component capsules) with the fixed dose formulation (Perindopril and Indapamide AN 4/1. This systematic review retrieved 9765 publications, and from these, it identified 14 randomized trials with 883 patients comparing HCTZ with INDAP and chlorthalidone on antihypertensive potency or metabolic effects. 5 and 0. Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it contains important information for you. Other Ingredients: Acacia; Calcium carbonate; Lactose; Magnesium stearate May 24, 2024 · In other parallel design, dose-ranging clinical trials in hypertension and edema, daily doses of indapamide between 0. Doses of 5. tingling of the hands or feet. 5 mg/10 mg. Ratings & Reviews. How should Indapamide be taken? Jul 1, 2024 · For oral dosage form (tablets): For mild to moderate pain: Adults—3 tablets every 6 hours as needed. Indapamide is also used to treat salt and fluid retention (edema) caused by Absorption. Atenolol + Indapamide Dosage & How to Take This is the usual dosage recommended in most common treatment cases. 5 mg Dyna Indapamide hemihydrate, daily to be taken in the morning. 5 mg once daily (ACC/AHA [Whelton 2017]) Jul 4, 2023 · What is the dosage of Indapamide? Adult: PO- HTN: 1. Who can and cannot take it. The action of indapamide is progressive and the reduction in blood pressure may continue and not reach a maximum until several months after the start of therapy. 2,5 mg 1 kali sehari. Sep 19, 2023 · Mylan-Indapamide Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data. Along with its needed effects, indapamide may cause some unwanted effects. 1 mm Hg (confidence interval, −8. 5. 5 mg daily, to be taken in the morning (immediate release preparations), or 1. 5 mg and 5 mg produced dose-related effects. 0 mg and 10. Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. 6,4 Indapamide is highly lipid-soluble due to its indoline moiety - a characteristic that likely explains why indapamide’s renal clearance makes up less than 10% of its total systemic clearance. Sep 13, 2018 · A larger dose than 2. Edema 2. A low-dose sustained-release (SR) formulation of the thiazide-type diuretic indapamide, indapamide SR (Natrilix SR), retains the antihypertensive activity of the immediate-release (IR) formulation, with a smoother pharmacokinetic profile. This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. The relative doses were greater for hydrochlorothiazide in 5 trials and equivalent in 3 trials. HCTZ and chlorthalidone are FDA-approved for clinical It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure this medicine is working properly. 25 mg as a single daily dose taken in the morning. nausea. 5 mg is not satisfactory after one week, the daily dose may be increased to 5. Indapamide is also used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by heart failure. It is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat mild to moderate high blood pressure. 5 to 10 mg qd plus loop diuretic. Combination preparations with perindopril (an ACE inhibitor antihypertensive) are available. Each tablet contains 325 milligrams (mg) acetaminophen and 97. 5mg indapamide daily is not recommended, as there is no appreciable additional anti-hypertensive effect but a diuretic effect may become apparent. In other parallel design, dose-ranging clinical trials in hypertension and edema, daily doses of indapamide between 0. However, the dose is usually not more than 8 mg per day. Feb 17, 2020 · Note: There is little therapeutic benefit to increasing the dose >5 mg daily; there is, however, an increased risk of electrolyte disturbances. This medication works by making the body lose excess water and salt. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related liver, kidney, or heart problems, which may require an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving indapamide. Amiloride has an average rating of 4. Indapamide comes as 2. This helps get rid of extra fluid in your body. About indapamide. 5 mg and 5 mg produced dose related effects. lack or loss of strength. Feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting) Feeling dizzy or faint. 5 mg could cause nausea (feeling sick), vomiting, low blood pressure, cramps, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion and changes in the amount of urine produced by the kidneys. Sep 19, 2023 · Indapamide. Taking indapamide with other medicines and herbal supplements. It appears to cause vasodilation, probably by inhibiting the passage of calcium and other ions (sodium, potassium) across membranes. – Keep this leaflet. Read about its interactions, intake instructions and how Indapamide works only on PharmEasy. Adult: Initially, 2. Fast Home Delivery with COD No Minimum Order Flat 15% OFF on all medicines India's Most Trusted Medical Store Mar 23, 2022 · The dosage is one tablet, containing 2. 2 out of 10 from a total of 28 ratings on Drugs. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Manufacturer. 3 out of 10 from a total of 817 ratings on Drugs. 5 mg once daily. e. Oedema. If the antihypertensive response to indapamide is insufficient, Lozol may be combined with other Indapamide - Side Effects, Precautions, and Contraindications What side effects can Indapamide cause? Indapamide has an average rating of 5. Always read the label. Indapamide Tablets, USP are available containing 1. By doing so, thiazide diuretics promote natriuresis and diuresis. 25 mg and 10. 5 mg and 5 mg a mean decrease of serum potassium of 0. If you have taken too many tablets, contact your doctor or pharmacist immediately. Mar 2, 2015 · Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) has often been contrasted with chlorthalidone, but relatively little is known about HCTZ versus indapamide (INDAP). 5 mg, 72% of patients receiving indapamide 5 mg, and 44% of patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg had at least one potassium value (out of a total of 11 taken Mar 25, 2024 · In other parallel design, dose-ranging clinical trials in hypertension and edema, daily doses of indapamide between 0. . Description View Indapamide-Teva description for details of the chemical structure and excipients (inactive components). Brand names: Natrilix, Indipam, Rawel, Tensaid, Alkapamid. Monitor BP regularly (i. Jul 26, 2023 · Indapamide is a thiazide diuretic that treats fluid retention and high blood pressure. May increase to 5 mg daily after 1 week if necessary. Dosage and strength. 25 to 100 mg qd-bid plus loop diuretic. 3 hours after oral administration Learn how to use indapamide, a diuretic medicine, to control fluid retention and high blood pressure. 5 mg tablets in all but 1 trial, provided a 54% greater reduction in systolic blood pressure, that is, −5. Mar 14, 2019 · This was illustrated in a study of hypertensive patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension (N = 690) who were treated with indapamide sustained release 1. A very large dose of indapamide could cause nausea (feeling sick), vomiting, low blood pressure, cramps, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion and changes in the amount of urine produced by the kidneys. Indapamide: Dose is 2. 5 mg. Three thiazide diuretics are the most commonly used: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), chlorthalidone, and indapamide. Mylan-Indapamide is a diuretic antihypertensive. If you forget to take indapamide tablets. In accordance with international recommendations concerning the need to use low doses of antihypertensives, a new lower-dose form of indapamide has been developed to achieve the best safety/efficacy … Feb 22, 2018 · The content of Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate present in the dosage form Coversyl Plus® (5000 µg of Perindopril arginine/1250 µg of Indapamide hemihydrate) was determined in triplicate to give a concentration of 4991 µg and 1247 µg, respectively, from the manufacturer’s stated amounts with Relative Standard Deviation Jul 1, 2024 · Indapamide is a thiazide-like diuretic (water pill). 5 and 5. This medicine is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. 5 mg ibuprofen. If symptoms persist see your healthcare professional. Various generic manufacturers. 625 mg tab. Dec 8, 2022 · You can take indapamide with or without food. 5 mg per day. The 1. 5 mg tablet, 90, blister pack. May 23, 2021 · Indapamide is prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension). Lisinopril has an average rating of 5. If you feel OK, you can drink alcohol. Indapamide is a thiazide-like diuretic with antihypertensive effects. 25-2. 5 mg as a single daily dose taken in the morning. Xipamide May 31, 2024 · In a meta-analysis of 14 trials that compared the blood pressure reduction with one of three dose levels of hydrochlorothiazide (low, intermediate, high) with a similar dose of one of the thiazide-like diuretics, systolic pressure reduction was greater with chlorthalidone and indapamide (by 3. At lower doses, vasodilatation is more prominent than diuresis; the diuretic effect becomes more apparent with higher doses. Each white, biconvex, capsule-shaped tablet, engraved with "TV4" on one side and "125" on the other side, contains 4 mg of perindopril erbumine and 1. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking indapamide: More common. Moderate renal impairment (CrCl <60 mL/min) for Triplixam 10 mg/2. You can select a medicine from this list to find out more - including side effects, age restrictions, food interactions and whether the medicine is subsidised by the government on the pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS). In long-term controlled clinical trials comparing the hypokalemic effects of daily doses of indapamide and hydrochlorothiazide, however, 47% of patients receiving indapamide 2. Jan 14, 2010 · In other parallel design, dose-ranging clinical trials in hypertension and edema, daily doses of indapamide between 0. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription. loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance. If you take more Indapamide 2. Review side effects, drug interactions, and dosage information prior to taking medication. 0 mg taken once daily. Limit or avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking indapamide. May adjust at 4 Aug 11, 2023 · fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, sores in your mouth and throat; little or no urination; swelling, rapid weight gain; high potassium--nausea, slow or unusual heart rate, weakness, loss of movement; pale skin, easy bruising or bleeding; or. 5 and . Untuk bentuk tablet lepas lambat, dosisnya adalah 1,5 mg 1 kali sehari. Although some evidence appears to indicate that the antihypertensive action of indapamide is primarily a result of its diuretic activity, only a limited diuresis occurs with the usual antihypertensive doses of 2. Indapamide. 5 mg of Indapamide hemihydrate. Mar 8, 2021 · In a bioequivalence study comparing perindopril 4 mg and indapamide 1. To investigate the effects of the diuretic, indapamide, on blood pressure (BP) and metabolic parameters, thirty hypertensive patients were treated with 1 mg of indapamide either every day or every other day. 28% of reviewers reported a Indapamide, a 'water pill,' is used to reduce the swelling and fluid retention caused by heart disease. Indapamide is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). 1 mmHg, respectively) . The usual dose of indapamide to treat: heart failure is 2. Breastfeeding Feb 22, 2018 · The content of Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate present in the dosage form Coversyl Plus ® (5000 µg of Perindopril arginine/1250 µg of Indapamide hemihydrate) was determined in triplicate to give a concentration of 4991 µg and 1247 µg, respectively, from the manufacturer’s stated amounts with Relative Standard Deviation Increase up to 50 mg daily if necessary. 5 mg or 1 mg indapamide. Speak to a doctor or pharmacist if the advice on how to cope does not help and a side effect is still bothering Generally, doses of 2. Sequential Nephron blockade. Aug 25, 2023 · The adult starting indapamide dose for edema of congestive heart failure is 2. Alcohol may increase your chances of getting side effects such as dizziness. Pregnancy (2nd & 3rd trimester). 25 mg or 2. 5 mg indapamide hemihydrate, daily, to be taken in the morning. As modified release tab: 1. Berikut adalah dosis umum penggunaan indapamide berdasarkan kondisi yang ingin diatasi: 1,25–2,5 mg 1 kali sehari, untuk obat bentuk tablet biasa. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. 5 mg tablets (AUST R 184244) are presented in PVC/PVDC/Al blister packs of 60 or 90 tablets. 25 mg once daily; titrate as needed every 4 weeks up to 5 mg once daily. It has an extra-renal antihypertensive action resulting in a decrease in vascular indapamide between 1. Intravenous Diuretic Medications Useful for the Treatment of Severe Heart Failure. Indapamide Indications. com. Check with your doctor right away if you have confusion, decreased urine, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, increased thirst, fast or irregular heartbeat Mar 16, 2018 · Learn about side effects, warnings, dosage, and more. Mar 2, 2015 · Indapamide, used as 2. Indapamide Hemihydrate (AN) You should seek medical advice in relation to medicines and use only as directed by a healthcare professional. Indications and Dosage. jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). 25 mg. 0 mg produced dose-related antihypertensive effects. Indapamide Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data. Not to be initiated earlier than 36 hours after last dose of sacubitril/valsartan. 5mg taken once a day as slow release tablets; How to take it Perindopril tert-butylamine 2 mg and indapamide 0. 5 mg is supplied in a prolonged release dosage based on a matrix system in which the drug substance is dispersed within a support which allows sustained release of indapamide. In all the formulations (Table 3), the weight of the active is 2. 0 mg were not distinguishable from each other although each was differentiated from placebo and 1. Absorption. 5mg to 5mg, taken once a day as standard tablets; high blood pressure is 2. They are white, biconvex, sugar coated tablets. 5 to 50 mg/d. Hydrochlorothiazide has an average rating of 5. Usual dosage range: 1. The thiazide-like diuretics (indapamide and chlorthalidone) reduce risk of major cardiovascular events and heart Indapamide is a diuretic prescribed in the treatment of hypertension at the dosage of 2. 5 mg of indapamide, USP. Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of indapamide in the elderly. Hydrochlorothiazide. This drug belongs to a class of medications called thiazide-like diuretics. Adults—At first, 4 milligrams (mg) once a day for 2 weeks. 7 out of 10 from a total of 3 ratings on Drugs. 5mg slow release tablets. Generally, doses of 2. Dosis dapat ditambahkan hingga 5 mg setelah 1 minggu jika dibutuhkan. indigestion. High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks. It is taken up by the vascular wall in smooth vascular muscle according to its high lipid solubility. 5mg standard tablets, and as 1. It causes the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine. How and when to take it. Do not take more than 12 tablets per day. 8 out of 10 from a total of 120 ratings on Drugs. To make fair comparisons, the dose of Mylan-Indapamide: Indapamide belongs to the family of medications called diuretics ("water pills"). It has an extra-renal antihypertensive action resulting in a decrease in vascular hyperreactivity and a reduction in total peripheral and arteriolar resistance. 1 out of 10 from a total of 181 ratings on Drugs. The medicines below all contain the following active ingredient(s): indapamide. Diuretics are the second most commonly prescribed class of antihypertensive medication In other parallel design, dose-ranging clinical trials in hypertension and edema, daily doses of indapamide between 0. 25 mg is not satisfactory after 4 weeks, the HOW SUPPLIED. qz dk wp st jm hi np kb yd ue  Banner