Torquing and bolting bowen basin. I often start with a smaller bit being careful not to break it. Under-torquing – due to insufficient torque also introduces significant risks: Loose Connections – Inadequate torque leads to threaded fasteners loosening over time, especially under vibrational loads. Digging overburden at Dawson Mine near Moura, 2008. WIND KITS. Join us today to become a part of this growing community. Jan 21, 2017 · You could try soaking the bolts with a product for the purpose. The undeveloped Galilee shows no mining and only a single gas well. Our tensioning systems allow gaskets to be compressed evenly and more precisely Abstract. The Permo-Triassic Bowen Basin is one of the major economic coal-bearing basins in the world and has a complex tectonic and structural history (Green et al. EVENT DETAILS Login Please login to register for this event. E: admin@richglen. The threaded section of the bolt should extend past the nut for this method to succeed. Over the years, in addition to our regular luncheon programme, our activity and influence has increased. We have also added Industrial Tooling and Height Safety equipment to our portfolio, due to customer demand. 6:00 PM - 11:30 PM. Enerpac's Bolting Solutions cater to the complete bolting work-flow, ensuring joint integrity in a variety of applications throughout industry. TorqLite offers boting systems for the construction industry. The torque value is typically specified by the manufacturer or industry standards. This is the most straightforward method of achieving axial load. Jul 24, 2023 · The Bowen Basin covers an area about 600 km long and 250 km wide extending from Collinsville in the north to south of Moura in Central Queensland. Where "K" is the torque coefficient, "D" is the nominal diameter of the bolt, and "P" is the bolt's clamping force. au SPL541 Reaction Arm for CAT Mining Trucks 789/793/795 /797. The reason this is such a popular method is simple—the Sep 4, 2018 · 4. The basin covers an area of about 200,000 km 2. Follow. 2 2h specimens ° min−1 with CoK radiation. Below are examples of the most common methods used in the field. The Gunnedah–Bowen Basin is part of the Sydney–Gunnedah–Bowen Basin system, a major basin system which extends from southern coastal New South Wales to central Queensland. The theme of 2021’s event is “Coal: Embracing Change and Innovation”. For a 5/16-inch lag bolt in wood, the recommended torque range is between 10 and 20 ft-lbs. The facility produces both metallurgical quality coal and thermal coal Nov 1, 1992 · The Late Permian sequence of the foreland Bowen Basin in east-central Queensland, Australia, is extensively mined for coal in large opencut mines. Learn a little more about how Norbar provided solutions in multiple industries using their products, technicians and services! Torquing Services Our team are highly trained and well experienced technicians to safely ensure leak-free bolted connections. Our long-term program offers 1, 3 and 6-month rentals of shale-region equipment at significant discounts. Be Connected | Be Informed | GROWTH THROUGH NETWORKING Established in 2010, the Bowen Basin Mining Club (BBMC) brings bi-monthly networking Torquing Bolts. Bolting System Support. Its aim was to work towards a new solid geology map of the Bowen Basin by providing an updated structural interpretation. It is the northernmost basin Torquing: Torquing involves applying a specific amount of rotational force (torque) to the fastener, usually using a torque wrench. The clay mineral analyses were carried out on a Philips PWI840 XRD unit oper- ated at 40 kV and 25 mA at a scanning rate of. Its Procedure, Hazards, Best Practices, and Advantages. The basin To attract and retain quality personnel with proactive mindsets within the company. Region code. The Bowen Basin, which is of controversial origin, is a north-south trending, asymmetrical syncline bounded in places by faults. OSC is a privately owned, SAUDIbased company providing a comprehensive range of solutions to your Jan 1, 1997 · The study mine site is located in the eastern Bowen Basin, Queensland, Australia (Fig. The torque rate can vary considerably for the same diameter of screw. AUS. Turn of Nut is a method by which structural bolts can be tightened without the use of a torque wrench. Hot bolting is defined as the process of removing and replacing or re-tightening bolts in the flange connection assembly when a pipe or equipment is in operation and full of liquid or gas. This method employs a hydraulic ram placed over the nut and a threaded puller which attaches to the ram. A: 10 Elvin Street, Paget, QLD 4740. Bowen Basin is a back-arc foreland basin. This is the premier event run by geoscientists, for geoscientists Who We Are . They reflect peatland deposition Bowen Basin Mining Club | 9,452 followers on LinkedIn. The basin is here Call 713-983-7171. It is at the very foundation of our expertise in delivering zero leak outcomes. Jun 7, 2023 · Basin Details and Geological Overview. BOLTING SERVICES FOR SINGLE CALLS OR TOTAL QA PROGRAMS. This could have introduced an accuracy which is beyond the original data resolution. This method is used to tighten bolts that have diameters greater than 20 mm, as these bolts need an extremely high tightening torque. A short screw clamping plain metal components reaches the rated torque in only a fraction of a turn of the screw. The state of Queensland. We are proud of our history and committed to the continuous improvement of our controlled bolting capabilities. Turn of Nut. , 2017; Salmachi et May 31, 2023 · Wherever it is used, torquing achieves a high useful bolt load, at about 70 percent of the bolt’s yield strength. Apr 26, 2023 · For a 1/2-inch stainless steel bolt, the recommended torque range is between 40 and 60 ft-lbs. Bolts are designed to stretch just a tiny bit, and this elongation is what clamps the joint together. 2. Bolt tensioning uses a slave screw to hold the bolt in place as the wheel is turned while torquing uses a wrench to turn the wheel. Schedule a No-Obligation Consultation. It has a maximum sediment thickness of about 10,000 m (32,808 ft) concentrated in two north-trending dep- ocenters, the Taroom trough to the east and Torc & Tension (Pty) Ltd is a unique and highly specialised bolting solutions organisation. The foreland, Early Permian to Middle Triassic Bowen Basin of eastern Queensland occupies about 160 000km 2, the southern half of which is covered by the Surat Basin. com. The choice between the two is determined by the unique application requirements, such as the desired level of precision, tension, and budget and resources. 1. Bolt Tensioning is a controlled method of tightening which applies preload to a bolt while 5 days ago · The formula for bolt tightening torque calculation is: Torque (Nm) = K × D × P. It contains about 70% of Queensland's coal. The Bowen Basin covers over 160,000km. It has a maximum sediment thickness of about 10 000 metres concentrated in two north-trending depocentres, the Taroom Trough to the east and - Construction: Highlight bolting applications in construction, such as connecting beams and columns in buildings. FLEXIBILITY MEANS NO WASTE. Bolt torque may be achieved through a manual “clicker” torque wrench, pistol grip Bolt Torquing / Tensioning Service Luminous Arabia, was established to meet the growing need for Engineering Support Services across Saudi Arabia and other Middle East Countries. It is also an inexpensive and simple method of bolt tightening. Our cost- and time-efficient management system puts motivated technicians onsite on the right job at the right time. This is a higher yield strength than hydraulic tensioning normally achieves but lower than mechanical tensioning. The Bowen Basin is a Permian to Triassic basin extending from Collinsville in the north to Goondiwindi in the south, where it is overlapped by Mesozpic rocks of the Surat Basin (the easternmost extension of the Great Artesian Basin). Structural analysis indicates that the north-eastern margin was Oct 1, 2009 · Abstract Mining activities in Australia tend to be cyclical, with boom and bust times impacting upon associated communities. Sponsored By. January 2000. We have extensive experience in torque and tensioning and are leaders in this field across Africa Nov 3, 2003 · Two coarse-grained intervals containing deposits of mass-wasting processes occur within an otherwise siltstone-dominated succession over 1500 m thick (the Moah Creek Beds and equivalents). A general sequence of source, reservoir and seal formations for the western and eastern Taroom Trough, and the Denison The Bowen Basin is a long and narrow north-south basin located in east-central Queensland and northern New South Wales, with geographic coordinates between latitude 20°-29° south and longitude 147°–150° east (Fig. Bolt stretch. This data guide gives examples of how these data can be used to create the components of a workflow to identify geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) opportunities. The bolt torque is determined by the bolt size, material, and thread pitch. The bolt torque calculator helps you make sure you tighten your bolts correctly. The Bowen Sep 6, 2023 · Unlock the secrets of effective bolt tightening methods in our comprehensive guide. The torque applied to the fastener generates a clamping force that compresses the components being fastened together. From rail to bridges, to buildings and everything in between, we create bolting systems that work for you. Introduction: Open-cut coal mining began in central Queenslands Bowen Basin approximately 50 years ago. Bowen Basin. The Gunnedah–Bowen Basin covers an area of just over 15 000 km2, overlies part of the Palaeozoic Lachlan Orogen, and is overlain on the north and west by the Surat Basin. We should have reached the bolts breaking strength, but we did not. 1007/978-94-015-9474-5_14. Discover expert insights and practical tips to prevent loosening, leaks, and structural issues, ensuring your machinery operates smoothly and securely. au. Established in 2004 and evolving organically, Fast Track Industrial Resources LLC today is a well acknowledged Advanced Bolting, Torquing, Tensioning, Jacking & Precision Load Moving, Industrial & Oilfield Solutions Company in the MENA Region. The other 30 percent is lost by torsional stresses. Connect with the Team at Specialised Force Townsville Products Awareness: Bolt Torquing & Far North / North-West / Western / North Queensland / Bowen Basin - 07 4728 8756 - nqldsales The Bowen Basin is a large, elongate Permo-Triassic sedimentary basin extending north-south for about 900 km in eastern Queensland and north- eastern New South Wales, Australia (Fig. Luminous Arabia’s Bolting Services offers a variety of quality consulting and services to assist in many aspects of the Oil & Gas, Construction and Power Generation The Byerwen Phase 1 CHPP O&M contract was awarded in October 2018 following the design and construction of the facility by Sedgman. The northwestern boundary is the pre-Permian Clermont Stable Block, that in the east is Figure 1 Bowen and Surat basins in Queensland, showing tenure, towns and pipelines PLAY ELEMENTS The petroleum plays of the Bowen and Surat basins are inexorably linked, as the main source rocks are found in the Bowen Basin, while the oil and gas has migrated up the sequence, including being reservoired in the Surat Basin. Geometry of the Bowen Basin The present geometry of the Bowen Basin is north-south elongate in the southern half, becoming more NNW-trending in the north. The North Bowen shows widespread mining operations and 346 gas wells. We are compliant with ASME PCC-1-2013 standard. QRC, QME, Mackay Regional Council and more. 2112. If you’re involved in mining in Australia, you’ve heard of the Bowen Basin, in Central Queensland, a 60,000 square kilometre triangle which is now Methods of Torquing Structural Bolts. The Collinsville Shelf in northwest of the Bowen Basin comprises thick and merged Burngrove and Fair Hill formation coals that split towards northeast in the Nebo Synclinorium and Jan 1, 1999 · The effect of high temperature Cretaceous intrusions on the Bowen Basin is also modeled. We have partnered with world leading manufacturers in order to meet Industry’s most demanding challenges and provide tailor made bolting solutions. For a construction site, OEMs specify proper storage requirements for Bolt Torque – integrated solutions that gives complete control of mechanical properties of the stud and Nut, over the tightening condition using calibrated power tools (Wrenches, Pumps, Tensioner). These intervals can be traced over at least 350 km north–south, along the structural eastern margin of the basin. The Basin contains much of the known Permian coal LHD011 (TT0038) Torque Titan 10T LHD despatched to a Bowen Basin Mine. Drill a hole in the bolt to the size required for a screw extractor and back it out. These highwall exposures combined with road and rail cuttings and close-spaced borehole networks present a superb opportunity to collect and interpret high quality, quantitative three-dimensional The Bowen Basin Structural Geology 2007 map is a collaborative research project between CSIRO Exploration & Mining and the Queensland Department of Mines & Energy (DME), conducted during 2003 and 2007. The Bowen Basin, an area rich in coal and gas deposits, extends southwards from Collinsville (near Bowen) to Emerald and Moura (west of Bundaberg). The Bowen Basin Mining Club’s bi-monthly luncheon events give you a front-row seat to major industry insights. T = K F d (1 - l/100) (1) where. au Jan 1, 2000 · Nature and source of carbonate mineralization in Bowen Basin coals, Eastern Australia. Hand-selected tooling matches the special needs of BOP nipple-up work and API flanges, featuring the X-Driver, our leading hydraulic equipment, as well as our Revolution Classic Pump and Intrinsically Safe Pump options. We’re one of the World’s leading bolting system manufacturers for the construction industry. The basin is shaped like an inverted Y: the single stem of the Y runs from Collinsville to Dysart, a land corridor seldom The Upper Permian Rangal Coal Measures in the northern Bowen Basin, Australia, accumulated during rapid basinal aggradation in a retroarc foreland basin setting. 1). T = wrench torque (Nm, lbf ft) K = constant that depends on the bolt material and size. The north Bowen Basin contains sedimentary rocks spanning the early The BBMC celebrated 10 years in 2020. There are a number of ways by which you can torque structural bolts. PB blaster, automatic transmission fluid or such over a number of days. The north Bowen basin region ranges in depth from the modern ground surface to over 11,500 m deep and has an area of approximately 125,000 km 2. | By Torque Enterprises Pty Ltd | Facebook mended torque of the screw dimension and quality in ques-tion measured from the snug level – the point at which the components and the screw head become tight. Over. Torque is measured in Nm or ft-lbs, while tension is measured in pounds-ft. Our technical team definitely gets projects completed quickly and efficiently. P: 1300 878 470. Contact Us 281. - Manufacturing: Discuss bolting's role in assembling machinery and equipment on factory floors. DOI: 10. This causes dangerous detachments of components, structural connections, or entire assemblies. ALLTITE TORQUE & TENSION SERVICES. Tension is a measure of the stretching force Jul 25, 2015 · The geometries of coal seams have been analysed for each morphotectonic zone of the Bowen Basin using gravity data, which highlight high and low topographic sites. Our mobile units bring skilled and reliable technicians to your site, increasing efficiency and reducing equipment downtime to get your project back on track. So, from the definition itself, you can understand that hot bolting is regarded as a high-risk Bowen Basin, onshore Queensland, Australia (Figure 1). Oriented clay were We are happy to help with the purchase or rental of top-of-the line tools as well as provide professional advice on how to save time and money on your industrial applications. Sep 6, 2010 · An obvious application for wind turbine use, preloaded bolts are advantageous if vibration is present, if slip between joining parts must be avoided, and if the applied load through the joint frequently changes from positive to a negative value, as is found in blade bolting. Basin ID. , 1997;Sliwa et al. Center punch the center of the bolt. Well done team. Controlled Bolting is part of INTEGRA’s DNA. We use wide range of light, compact, safe and easy-to-use hydraulic, pneumatic, electric and battery powered torque tools. Vitrinite reflectance data combined with a study of clay mineral reactions indicates that the maximum temperatures which induced organic maturation of the Bowen Basin coals and extensive clay mineralisation are not related to deep burial metamorphism during Bolting Services Our Services Bolting Services To address the need for professional bolting services, we support the market requirement of torquing and tensioning of bolt of flanged joints during erection, testing, pre-commissioning, commissioning, shutdown maintenance and turn around operations The services include but not limited to, Provision of trained and competent manpower for performing the Bowen Basin was as part of a patchwork of extensional sub-basins that extended over a large part of eastern Queensland. In this paper, qualitative social impact assessment techniques have been used to independently assess post-development impacts of mining on six Jun 19, 2008 · Staff Writer June 19, 2008, 12:00 am. Torquing creates this load by applying rotational force to the head of a nut or bolt. The Permo-Triassic Bowen Basin is one of the major economic coal-bearing basins in the world and has a Consequences of Under-Torquing. It is the northern sector of the larger Sydney-Gunnedah-Bowen Basin, which is a composite structural basin that stretches from southern New South Wales to central Queensland (see Figure 1) [49]. d = nominal bolt diameter (m, ft) Bolting Technologies & Strata Control 10:50—11:10 Brian Letham—DSI Surface to Seam technology 11:10—11:30 Richard Campbell Blackrock Mining Solutions Our Projects, Products and Services 11:30—11:50 John Coulthard—Quarry Mining Dust King 11:50—12:10 Peter Craig—Jennmar Jennmar 2019 New Product Developments Jan 1, 2012 · The foreland, Early Permian to Middle Triassic Bowen Basin of eastern Queensland occupies about 160,000 km 2 (61,766 mi 2), the southern half of which is covered by the Surat Basin (Figure 10). We focus on the German Creek and Pleiades coal seams and find good agreement between our results and actual Mackay Entertainment and Convention Centre, Mackay QLD 4740. The critical path in MAINTENANCE starts & ends with bolting. Ultra Torq is a premier supplier of high quality torque & bolting tools, as well as pipe & tube tools in Canada. Call (450) 562-9449 Request a Demo Subscribe to Newsletter. The Bowen Basin Coalfields contains the largest coal reserves in Australia. These are deposits of the Permian age and are the most important commercial deposits in the State, producing almost 100% of the State's coking coal and 60% Publicly available data was compiled to provide a common information base for resource development, and environmental and regulatory decisions in the north Bowen Basin. Explore proven strategies to enhance equipment reliability and safety through proper bolt torque application. Its area is put at 60,000 to 75,000 sq km, over a length of about 650 km. The Byerwen facility comprises a bypass crushing circuit, Sedgman designed and constructed 550 t/h CHPP facility and a Train Load-Out facility. OSC Bolt Torquing services provide a simple and safe method for ensuring controlled tightening and loosening of bolts. Revolutionary bolting systems for unmatched precision and Download scientific diagram | Stratigraphy of the Bowen and Surat Basin from publication: Pore-Scale Numerical Investigation on Chemical Stimulation in Coal and Permeability Enhancement for Coal The Permo-Triassic Bowen Basin and overlying Jurassic-Cretaceous Surat Basin fills are intersected by the BMR Eromanga-Brisbane seismic transect between the Nebine Ridge and Kumbarilla Ridge structural highs to the west and east, respectively. Cleaning of bolts / replace damage bolts Apr 1, 2009 · Samples were collected from the Early Permian to Middle Triassic Bowen Basin that is located in eastern Queensland and northern New South Wales in eastern Australia. The basin data is derived from a lower resolution grid which has been upsampled using GMT. With bolted joints, the most typical method of achieving fastener preload is to torque them. We provide controlled loosening and tightening bolts by means of torquing and tensioning from small jobs to large turnarounds. Learn about how Norbar Torque Tools worked on a customised solution for torquing Cat truck strut assembly bolts. Whether you require hydraulic bolt tensioning or bolt torquing, we can help you generate Certainty of Sep 5, 2023 · The north Bowen basin region investigated in the TEGI program is a subset of the Bowen Basin located in central-eastern Queensland. We utilize both hydraulic bolting systems as well as bolt tensioning systems depending on your specific needs and requirements. However, little information exists to classify key impacts or to identify how they vary across mining service towns. However, it has limitations related to speed and accuracy. Beneath the cover the Bowen Basin may be continuous with the Sydney Basin. Torque is a very indirect indication Jul 1, 2000 · The Upper Permian Rangal Coal Measures in the northern Bowen Basin, Australia, accumulated during rapid basinal aggradation in a retroarc foreland basin setting. Bowen Basin is in Central Queensland. Our trained and experienced technicians apply proven techniques to disassemble, assemble May 12, 2016 · It is telling that we never broke a bolt (except a Grade 2, the weakest sort) or stripped a thread while testing solid fiberglass plate up to one-bolt diameter in thickness. 8150. University campuses and TAFEs are predominately along the coast, with two inland closer to the Bowen basin. We introduced the bi-annual Queensland Wire rope specification: 16mm plasma rope – u bolt anchor – crimp thimble; Drum dimension: (as per Fenner Dunlop winch as requested) Free wheel arrangement: Lever operated dog clutch; Max motor speed @ max torque @150lpm: 2000 rpm; Max motor torque @ 180 bar: 180 nm; Max static load on bearing and gear box: 100kn; Gear box ratio: 125:1 . Apart from the various tools supplied, we have a team of experienced and skilled operators to provide all bolt tightening services for the various industries throughout the region. Select data to display: Basin name. It’s important to note that torque values are typically given as a range rather than a specific number, as factors like thread engagement and surface PFL Engineering provides bolting solutions and requirements including torquing, tensioning and stress analysis with the use of state of the art equipment which include Hydraulic Torque Wrenches, Bolt Tensioning Cylinders, Hydraulic Nuts and more. They reflect peatland deposition towards the close of a long-lived climatic regime that came to an abrupt termination at the Permian-Triassic boundary, which is well developed in the Al Yasat accepts contracting works for bolting services which is safe, fast, accurate, and reliable way to ensure joint integrity. Oct 16, 2007 · Torque is simply a measure of the twisting force required to spin the nut up along the threads of a bolt, whereas tension is the stretch or elongation of a bolt that provides the clamping force of a joint. The map shows additional infrastructure, such as smaller roads, airports and seaports. Utilizing the latest technologies to ensure the highest quality services are provided As part of a comprehensive mechanical and industrial services program, Texas Compression provides technical bolting and torquing services. Well into our second decade, the Bowen Basin Mining Club is firmly established as a valuable resource for the smallest contractor through to mining company CEO’s. 338. It’s free to join – gain access to luncheon registration and member-only information. To have safe and successful torquing operation, TET Connect with the Team at Specialised Force Townsville Product Applications: Bolt Torquing & North Queensland / Bowen Basin - 07 4728 8756 - nqldsales@specialisedforce. The data guide is designed to support the data package Figure 1 Bowen and Surat basins in Queensland, showing tenure, towns and pipelines PLAY ELEMENTS The petroleum plays of the Bowen and Surat basins are inexorably linked, as the main source rocks are found in the Bowen Basin, while the oil and gas has migrated up the sequence, including being reservoired in the Surat Basin. - Maintenance: Explain how bolting is crucial in maintenance activities, including replacing worn-out parts and repairing Connect with the Team at Specialised Force Townsville Product Solutions - Bolt Torquing & North Queensland & Bowen Basin - 07 4728 8756 - nqldsales@specialisedforce. A 1:1 ratio between panel-thickness and bolt diameter, thus, would seem to promote too-thin laminate. In book: Organic Matter and Mineralisation: Thermal These courses include: MJI10 (Hand Torque Wrench) MJI18 (Bolt Tensioning) MJI19 (Hydraulic Torque Wrench) With a track record of training over 2000 professionals (and counting) across various industries in the nation, the ABS Training Academy is committed to elevating the competence and proficiency of technical experts in the realm of joint Jun 30, 2023 · Bolt torquing and tensioning are two methods of tightening bolts. This major coal-producing region contains one of the world's largest deposits of bituminous coal. The Bowen Basin Mining Club connects you to the mining sector. Feb 1, 2007 · THE BOWEN BASIN REGION The Bowen Basin in central Queensland produces about 85% of the coal in Queensland, with most of it being exported through ports at Gladstone, Mackay and Bowen. RICHGLEN MAINTENANCE SERVICES PTY LTD. this period of ti me, mine rehabilitator s have used a variety of tree The petroleum plays of the Bowen and Surat basins are inexorably linked, as the main source rocks are found in the Bowen Basin, while the oil and gas has migrated up the sequence, including being reservoired in the Surat Basin. This helps determine the right torque for secure fastening. Calculate required bolt torque. To perform to a standard that sets us above all others. Offering Torque and Tension tooling for an array of industry specific applications in Oil and Gas, Mining, Wind Farming, Sub-sea tensioning and more. Bolt-Spec LLC provides a total solution for all of your bolting requirements: Including controlled torquing, hydraulic stud tensioning, ultrasonic stud measuring, flange data tracking, and more. The relation between applied torque and axial force - or load - in a bolt can be calculated in this general equation as. Torque values are higher for bolts that require more force to loosen, while tension values are higher for bolts that require less force to Dec 17, 2014 · In this paper, qualitative social impact assessment techniques have been used to independently assess post-development impacts of mining on six communities in the Bowen Basin in Queensland, following the boom in coal prices between 2003 and 2008. Every ALLTITE tech has their OSHA 10 Hour, Competent Climbers, LOTO, JSA's, DISA certification and have Mar 28, 2022 · Welcome to the 2021 Bowen Basin Symposium website presented by the Bowen Basin Geologists Group (BBGG) The BBGG has a proud history of presenting the Bowen Basin Symposium (BBS) every 5 years since 1985. We hold ancillary events to directly connect mining companies with stakeholders, we publish an industry Yearbook and we are proud to host the bi-annual Queensland Mining Awards. Aztec Bolting field technicians provide on site bolting services and supervision for critical onsite bolting applications. Hydraulic torquing is versatile and simple to use. 5. The main new tool aiding the interpretation is regional airborne Aug 15, 2000 · The thermal history of the Bowen Basin (Queensland, Australia) has been investigated using vitrinite reflectance data and clay mineralogy. of southern and central Queensland and has a maximum sediment thickness of about 10,000m concentrated in two north-south trending depocentres: the Taroom Trough in the east; and the Denison Trough in the west. Bolt Tensioning – Bolt tightening action of elongation of a Stud that News. in ie ma ud gp vp pu gm ec xn